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International climate finance is channeled through various sources, instruments, and mechanisms. Multilateral climate funds play a crucial role in supporting countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, adapt to a changing climate, and build resilient, sustainable economies. However, processes to access funding from these funds differ very much and are complex. Each fund has a unique focus, governance structure, and set of access requirements.
This section provides an overview of the main multilateral climate funds, relevant publications and tools as well as trainings.
The GCF was established 2010 as an operating entity of the Financial Mechanism of the UNFCCC. It is the world’s largest climate fund.
Its mandate is to support developing countries in implementing and enhancing their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and in pursuing low-emission, climate-resilient development pathways. The GCF aims for a 50:50 balance in allocating its grant-equivalent resources between mitigation and adaptation over time, with at least 50 percent of the adaptation funding directed toward particlarly SIDS, LDCs, and African countries.
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The GCF was established 2010 as an operating entity of the Financial Mechanism of the UNFCCC and is the world’s largest climate fund. Its mandate is to support developing countries to raise and realize their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) ambitions towards low-emissions, climate-resilient pathways. The GCF aims for a 50:50 balance in allocating its resources between mitigation and adaptation over time and for a floor of 50% of the adaptation allocation for particularly vulnerable countries.
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The Green Climate Fund (GCF) supports developing countries in raising and implementing their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), promoting low-emission and climate-resilient development pathways. It aims to deliver impact across eight result areas, covering both mitigation and adaptation.
The GCF supports projects in both public and private sectors, mobilizing public finance and private investment across the following thematic areas:
Adaptation:
Mitigation:
The GCF classifies proposals by four different project sizes (including GCF funding and co-finance):
Furthermore, the Simplified Approval Process (SAP) is available for projects with a maximum size of GCF contribution of US$ 25 million and the Project-specific Assessment Approach (PSSA) can be applied to projects of any size (micro to large), without a fixed funding cap, as it allows entities to be assessed for a single project.
The Green Climate Fund (GCF) offers two main approaches of access to its resources: (1) Institutional Accreditation and (2) Project-Specific Assessment Approach (PSAA).
Under this approach, entities must be accredited to the GCF. There are two access modalities.
Direct access: National and regional accredited entities can directly access GCF funding and manage projects throughout their lifecycle, from design to implementation and monitoring. This approach supports strengthening local capacities and builds on national expertise. A full list of accredited entities is available in the GCF directory.
International access: Developing countries can also access GCF funding through international accredited entities. This is particularly useful where national institutions do not yet have the capacity to manage GCF funds directly. A full list of international accredited entitites is available in ther GCF directory.
The PSAA allows entities that are not accredited to the GCF to submit project proposals. To qualify, entities must meet specific criteria. Each entity can have a maximum of one approved funding proposal under this approach.
More information on eligibility and requirements is available in the Project-Specific Assessment Approach (PSAA) guidelines.
All developing country Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are eligible to receive resources from the GCF. A full list of eligible countries is available in the Non-Annex I Parties to the Convention.
The GCF has developed two main instruments to provide support for countries and entities to access climate finance.
The Readiness Programme strengthens the capacity of developing countries to access the GCF and develop country-driven programmes and projects.
Support focuses on:
The programme is available to all developing country Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Learn more about the Readiness Programme.
The Project Preparation Facility supports the development of funding proposals for the GCF, particularly for Direct Access Entities and micro-to small-scale projects.
Support is provided for the preparation of a full funding proposal package based on an approved Concept Note. This includes activities across all stages of project development, from initial design to detailed planning, as well as the preparation of required supporting documents (e.g. pre-feasibility and feasibility studies).
Up to USD 1.5 million can be requested per proposal, subject to justification.
Support is available through two modalities:
To access the PPF, AEs must submit a Concept Note (prior submission is recommended) either before or together with a PPF application. Once the Concept Note is cleared, the PPF application is reviewed and approved by the GCF Secretariat.
Learn more about the Project Preparation Facility.
Description:
Concept notes present a summary of a proposed project/programme and offer an opportunity to get feedback from the GCF Secretariat. Although voluntary, it is highly encouraged.
If support through the Project Preparation Facility (PPF) is requested, submission of a concept note is mandatory.
Following the submission by the NDA/AE, the GCF Secretariat screens and provides feedback. This early feedback helps proponents focus on proposals with higher chances of success.
Actors involved:
NDA/Focal Points, Accredited Entity (AE), GCF Secretariat
Description:
Funding proposals must follow the GCF investment framework and results management framework. The AE must show how the project will deliver climate mitigation and/or adaptation results. The AE is responsible for first-level due diligence and must assess whether the project is technically, financially, economically, environmentally, and socially sound. The proposal must also be cost-effective and fall within the AE’s accreditation scope.
Actors involved:
AE
Description:
Funding proposals must be submitted through the GCF Partner Portal. They must include no-objection letters from the respective NDA or focal point, confirming that the project is country-driven and aligned with national climate strategies and plans. The proposal must also explain the implementation arrangements, including the role of Executing Entities.
GCF does not enter into a direct contractual relationship with Executing Entities.
Description:
After submission, the GCF Secretariat conducts an initial review and completeness check. The Secretariat checks whether the proposal meets basic requirements before it moves further in the appraisal process. Project activities are also disclosed to stakeholders in line with GCF’s Information Disclosure Policy.
Actors involved:
GCF Secretariat
Description:
The independent Technical Advisory Panel (iTAP) assesses the performance of the FP against six GCF activity-specific criteria, exchanges with AE doing the review process and subsequently submits its assessment to the Board, recommending whether to endorse, endorse with conditions, or not endorse the proposal.
Actors involved:
iTAP
Description:
Once the independent iTAP assessment is completed, the Secretariat compiles the full funding proposal package. The package is shared with the GCF Board and published on the GCF website. The Accredited Entity must confirm disclosure of the information included in the funding proposal. Funding proposal packages are submitted to the Board at least 21 days before the Board meeting
Actors involved:
GCF Secretariat
Description:
Board members review the funding proposal package before the meeting. They may ask questions or request clarifications through a dedicated question-and-answer platform or email account. The Secretariat compiles these questions and forwards them to the AE.
Actors involved:
Board
GCF Secretariat
Description:
The AE is given one week to provide written responses to Board questions. These responses are compiled and shared with the Board before the meeting. The AE may also be asked to attend a consultation or information day before the Board meeting to respond to questions from Board advisers or civil society organisations
Actors involved:
AE
Description:
Funding proposals are considered as an agenda item during the Board meeting. A representative from the AE is expected to attend, together with the relevant Task Manager and iTAP member. They may be asked to respond to questions from Board members and active observers. If the proposal is approved, the Secretariat informs the AE and the NDA or focal point of the Board’s decision and any approval conditions. If rejected, NDAs may request reconsideration through the Independent Redress Mechanism.
Actors involved:
Board
AE
iTAP
Different portals provide a good overview on ongoing and past projects of the respective fund.
Climate Fund Search – Climate Project Explorer: The Climate Projects Explorer is a search engine for projects funded by the AF, GCF, GEF and CIF.
Approved projects | Green Climate Fund: List of GCF projects.
GCF Open Data Library: GCF open data library.
National Designated Authorities | Green Climate Fund: National Focal Points for the multilateral climate funds.
The Adaptation Fund is the largest global climate fund focusing solely on adaptation and was established in 2001. It finances concrete adaptation projects and programmes in developing countries that are parties to the Kyoto Protocol or the Paris Agreement and are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.
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Through the following accredited entitites, as indicated above:
The Adaptation Fund is the largest global climate fund focusing solely on adaptation and was established in 2001. It finances concrete adaptation projects and programmes in developing countries that are parties to the Kyoto Protocol or the Paris Agreement and are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.
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The Adaptation Fund finances projects and programmes that support vulnerable communities in developing countries to adapt to climate change.
Funding is country-driven, meaning that projects are based on national priorities and the needs of the most vulnerable populations.
The Fund does not define fixed priority investment areas. Instead, it supports adaptation actions across a wide range of sectors, depending on country needs. The funded sectors are the following:
The AF offers different financing windows:
1.Regular Projects & Programmes (Action)
This is the Adaptation Fund’s main financing window, supporting the implementation of adaptation projects and programmes.
2.Locally-Led Adaptation (LLA)
This window focuses on community-driven adaptation, ensuring that local actors are directly involved.
3.Innovation Projects
This window supports new, innovative approaches to adaptation, from early-stage ideas to scaling proven solutions.
4.Learning Grants
This window supports knowledge generation and dissemination.
Fund activities that capture lessons learned, identify best practices, and share knowledge to improve future adaptation efforts and scale impact.
The AF has several different funding windows that differ in size and funding focus, based on the funding contribution by the AF:
Regular projects and programmes (Action):
Locally-Led Adaptation (LLA) projects and programmes:
Innovation projects:
Additional support (Readiness & Learning):
Countries access Adaptation Fund resources through accredited implementing entities.
Types of implementing entities:
All developing country Parties to the Kyoto Protocol or the Paris Agreement that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effect of climate change are eligible to receive funding from the AF.
The AF provides Funding for projects and programmes on a full adaptation cost basis. This means that co-financing is not a pre-requisite to access the Fund’s resources. However, it is possible to implement AF projects in parallel with financing from other sources.
The Adaptation Fund also provides targeted support to strengthen institutional capacity and support project development:
Supports countries in building the capacity of National Implementing Entities (NIEs), including accreditation, strengthening institutional systems, and developing project pipelines. This includes the Readiness Package Grant and two Technical Assistance Grants.
Find more information on the Adaptation Fund Readiness page.
The Project Formulation Grant (PFG) supports the preparation and design of project and programme proposals under the Adaptation Fund. It strengthens the capacity of accredited Implementing Entities to develop high-quality, evidence-based adaptation projects.
PFGs are not standalone funding. They must be requested at the time of submitting a project concept or pre-concept note under the Adaptation Fund’s project approval process. This means they are accessed during the project development stage, before a fully developed proposal is prepared.
1.What PFGs support
PFGs provide targeted funding for technical and analytical work required to develop strong project proposals. This may include:
These activities help ensure that proposals are robust and aligned with the Fund’s Environmental and Social Policy (ESP) and Gender Policy
2. Eligible applicants:
All accredited Implementing Entities (NIEs, RIEs, and MIEs)
3. When to request:
4. Access available across funding windows:
Available under Regular (Action), Locally-Led Adaptation (LLA), and Large Innovation funding windows
5. Funding amounts
Funding levels depend on the size and scope of the project:
(a) Single-country projects
(b) Regional projects and programmes:
(c) Single country LLA projects:
(d) Regional LLA projects
6. How to apply
Complete the Request for Project Formulation Grant (PFG) template. Submit the PFG request together with a project concept (for the two-step process) or pre-concept note (for the optional three-step process used for regional and single-country LLA projects). The request is reviewed as part of the overall project submission process
For regional projects and single-country LLA projects, applicants may follow an optional three-step approach consisting of: Pre-Concept → Concept → Full Proposal.
Where a PFG is requested at the pre-concept stage, the amount available is capped at 20% of the maximum total PFG applicable to the project.
The PFG request is reviewed as part of the overall project submission process..
7. Review and approval process
The AF operates a rolling submission process, meaning proposals may be submitted at any time. Following submission, the AF Secretariat conducts a technical review and provides feedback within approximately three weeks (except during review intermissions).
If the submission is not cleared, the IE may further develop the proposal in consultation with the Secretariat and resubmit it. If the submission is technically cleared, it proceeds to the AF Board for approval.
Technically cleared proposals are considered by the AF Board during its biannual approval process. The approval process includes preparation and posting of Board documents (approximately three weeks), Board member review (approximately three weeks), a Board meeting (one week), and the Board decision process (one week).
Develop a project or programme in line with national priorities, in collaboration with an accredited implementing entity (NIE, RIE, or MIE).
Proposals may follow either a:
Applicants must prepare their submission using the relevant Adaptation Fund templates and guidance, including templates for pre-concept notes, concept notes, and fully developed proposals.
Obtain a letter of endorsement from the Designated Authority (DA) confirming the project aligns with national priorities.
Submit the proposal (concept note or full proposal) to the Adaptation Fund Secretariat through the implementing entity.
Submissions are accepted on a rolling basis.
The Secretariat reviews the proposal and provides feedback, typically within a few weeks.
The review process is iterative, with the Secretariat providing feedback and the Implementing Entity revising and resubmitting the proposal until it is technically cleared. Proposals can be submitted on a rolling basis throughout the year
The Adaptation Fund operates review intermissions prior to Board meetings. During these periods, technical reviews are paused while technically cleared proposals are prepared for Board consideration.
Once technically cleared, the proposal is submitted to the Adaptation Fund Board for approval.
Technically cleared proposals are considered during the Board's biannual approval process. Prior to the Board meeting, proposals undergo document preparation, publication, and Board member review before a final funding decision is made.
Different portals provide a good overview on ongoing and past projects of the respective fund.
Climate Fund Search – Climate Project Explorer: The Climate Projects Explorer is a search engine for projects funded by the AF, GCF, GEF and CIFs
Funded Projects & Programmes: List of AF projects
Designated Authorities: National Focal Points for the AF.
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is a family of funds for climate and the environment. It provides funding to support developing countries in meeting the objectives of international environmental conventions. It has served as an operating entity of the financial mechanism of UNFCCC since the Convention’s entry into force in 1994.
In addition to the UNFCCC, the GEF serves five other conventions: Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), Minamata Convention on Mercury, and the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement.
The GEF Trust Fund, as the largest fund under the GEF, focuses on biodiversity, chemicals and waste, climate change, international waters, and land degradation.
The GEF finances projects for mitigation and adaptation, as well as for the preparation of national communications in non-Annex I Parties to the Convention and other enabling activities.
Funding Sizes:
A longer-term and strategic arrangement of individual yet interlinked projects (child projects) that aim at achieving large-scale impacts on the global environment.
A project for the preparation of a plan, strategy, or report to fulfill commitments under a convention.
Programme implemented by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), and Conservation International (CI).
Funding sizes:
Up to USD 75,000 for USD 150,000 for strategic projects)
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is a family of funds for climate and the environment. It provides funding to assist developing countries in meeting the objectives of international environmental conventions. It has served as an operating entity of the financial mechanism of UNFCCC since the Convention’s entry into force in 1994. Besides the UNFCCC, the GEF serves five other conventions: Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), Minamata Convention on Mercury, and the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement.
Funding Sizes:
A longer-term and strategic arrangement of individual yet interlinked projects (child projects) that aim at achieving large-scale impacts on the global environment.
A project for the preparation of a plan, strategy, or report to fulfill commitments under a convention.
Programme implemented by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), and Conservation International (CI).
Funding sizes:
Up to USD 75,000 for USD 150,000 for strategic projects)
The GEF TF provides funding to developing countries and countries with economies in transition to meet the objectives of international environmental conventions and agreements. Its focal areas include:
With respect to climate change, the GEF TF supports climate change mitigation projects that reduce or avoid greenhouse gas emissions in the areas of renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable transport, and management of land use, land-use change, and forestry. It also supports the ability of developing countries to enhance climate resilience by promoting short and long-term policies, plans, programmes, projects and actions on adaptation.
The GEF Trust Fund differentiates between two sizes for regular projects, based on the contribution of the fund:
In addition, the GEF TF provides funding through other modalities:
Funding is allocated to countries through the System for Transparent Allocation of Resources (STAR), a performance-based framework that assigns country shares based on weighted indices.
This applies only to the focal areas of Climate Change, Biodiversity, and Land Degradation. For International Waters and Chemicals and Waste, funding is allocated through a competitive, project-based process.
Access to the GEF TF is mainly through one of the 18 GEF Agencies, which support the development and implementation of projects.
Support for Enabling Activities (EA) may also be accessed directly, for amounts of up to USD 500,000. In addition, the Small Grants Programme (SGP) provides funding directly to NGOs, community-based organizations, Indigenous Peoples organizations, women and youth groups, persons with disabilities, and rural communities through partner agencies such as UNDP, FAO, and CI.
All developing country Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are eligible to receive resources from the GET TF. A full list of eligible countries is available in the Non-Annex I Parties to the Convention.
The Global Environment Facility provides additional support for project preparation and for supporting countries in fulfilling commitments under international conventions.
Process for accessing GEF, LDCF, and SCCF funding: Projects are developed and submitted by accredited GEF Agencies in consultation with recipient countries, following a common GEF project cycle.
For medium-sized projects, the GEF Agency may choose between a one-step or two-step approval process, while full-sized projects (FSPs) follow a two-step process involving Council approval and CEO endorsement.
Description:
A GEF Agency prepares a project concept at the request of and in consultation with relevant country institutions and other relevant partners using the Project Identification Form (PIF)
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Description:
The Agency submits PIFs to the Secretariat on a rolling basis, copying other Agencies, STAP, and the relevant Convention Secretariats.
A letter of Endorsement by the respective GEF Operational Focal Point has to be attached.
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
GEF Operational Focal Point
Description:
Secretariat reviews each eligible PIF. Other Agencies and Convention Secretariats submit any comments to the Secretariat and the Agency. If a PIF does not meet the conditions for approval, the Secretariat either rejects it or requests additional information
Actors involved:
GEF Secretariat
Description:
Following receipt of the Secretariat’s comments, the Agency responds to any comments and submits a revised PIF, if necessary
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Description:
Once the Secretariat determines that the project proposal meets the conditions for approval, the CEO decides whether to include it in a Work Program
Actors involved:
GEF CEO
GEF Secretariat STAP
Two-step approach: After PIF approval, and before the deadline for submission of a complete approval request, the Agency prepares and
One-step approach: A GEF Agency prepares a MSP Approval Request at the request of and in consultation with relevant country institutions and other relevant partners.
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Two-step approach: The Agency submits the MSP Approval Request to the Secretariat for review on a rolling basis. A letter of Endorsement by the respective GEF Operational Focal Point has to be attached.
One-step approach: The Agency submits MSP Approval Request to the Secretariat on a rolling basis. A letter of Endorsement by the respective GEF Operational Focal Point has to be attached.
Actors involved:
GEF Council
Two-step approach: The Secretariat reviews the MSP Approval Request for consistency with the approved PIF
One-step approach: The Secretariat reviews the MSP Approval Request. If a MSP Approval Request does not meet the conditions for approval, the Secretariat either rejects it or requests additional information.
Actors involved:
GEF Secretariat
Description:
Following receipt of the Secretariat’s comments, the Agency responds to any comments and submits a revised MSP Approval Request, if necessary
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Description:
Once the Secretariat determines that a project proposal meets the conditions for approval, the GEF CEO decides whether to approve the MSP.
Actors involved:
GEF CEO
Description:
The Agency approves the project following its own internal procedures and begins project implementation.
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Different portals provide a good overview on ongoing and past projects of the respective fund.
Climate Fund Search – Climate Project Explorer: The Climate Projects Explorer is a search engine for projects funded by the AF, GCF, GEF and CIFs
Projects | GEF: List of GEF, LDCF and SCCF projects
Focal Points | GEF : National Focal Points for the GEF TF.
The LDCF was set up in 2001 by the UNFCCC as the only multilateral climate fund exclusively dedicated to helping Least Developed Countries (LDCs) to adapt to climate change and is part of the GEF achitecture.
While it was initially mandated to finance the preparation and implementation of National Adaptation Programs of Action (NAPAs) as well as other components of the LDC work programme, it has been tasked, in 2011, to also provide resources to assist LDC Parties in preparing for the national adaptation plan process.
Funding Sizes:
A longer-term and strategic arrangement of individual yet interlinked projects (child projects) that aim at achieving large-scale impacts on the global environment.
A project for the preparation of a plan, strategy, or report to fulfill commitments under a convention.
The LDCF was set up in 2001 by the UNFCCC as the only multilateral climate fund exclusively dedicated to helping Least Developed Countries (LDCs) to adapt to climate change. It is managed by the GEF and was initially mandated to finance the preparation and implementation of National Adaptation Programs of Action (NAPAs) as well as other components of the LDC work programme, it has been tasked, in 2011, to also provide resources to assist LDC Parties in preparing for the national adaptation plan process.
Funding Sizes:
A longer-term and strategic arrangement of individual yet interlinked projects (child projects) that aim at achieving large-scale impacts on the global environment.
A project for the preparation of a plan, strategy, or report to fulfill commitments under a convention.
The LDCF supports Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in addressing their most urgent and long-term adaptation needs under the UNFCCC, including through the implementation of National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs), National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), and the LDC Work Programme.
Programming under the LDCF is guided by the GEF adaptation strategy for the LDCF/SCCF, in line with UNFCCC COP guidance.
The GEF-9 adaptation strategy for the LDCF/SCCF focuses on:
Health systems resilience, climate information services and early warning systems are integrated as critical enabling foundations.
Implementation approaches:
Cross-cutting approaches include whole-of-society engagement and fragility-sensitive programming, which are integrated across all areas of support.
The LDCF differentiates between two sizes for projects, based on the contribution of the fund:
A country cap of USD 20 million is set for a programming cycle (under the USD 1 billion scenario; increasing to USD 25 million under a USD 1.3 billion scenario).
In addition, the LDCF provides funding through other modalities:
Additional funding beyond country caps is available through LDCF programs, including:
Access to the LDCF is through one of the 18 GEF Agencies. The support for Enabling Activities (EA) is also possible through direct access, if the amount is up to USD 500,000.
All LDCs that are Parties to the UNFCCC have access to the LDCF, as reflected in the list of Non-Annex I Parties to the Convention and the list of Least Developed Countries (LDCs).
The LDCF and SCCF provide additional support to prepare projects, strengthen capacity, and support countries in implementing adaptation priorities under the UNFCCC.
Eligibility:
Process for accessing GEF, LDCF, and SCCF funding: Projects are developed and submitted by accredited GEF Agencies in consultation with recipient countries, following a common GEF project cycle.
For medium-sized projects, the GEF Agency may choose between a one-step or two-step approval process, while full-sized projects (FSPs) follow a two-step process involving Council approval and CEO endorsement.
Description:
A GEF Agency prepares a project concept at the request of and in consultation with relevant country institutions and other relevant partners using the Project Identification Form (PIF)
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Description:
The Agency submits PIFs to the Secretariat on a rolling basis, copying other Agencies, STAP, and the relevant Convention Secretariats.
A letter of Endorsement by the respective GEF Operational Focal Point has to be attached.
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
GEF Operational Focal Point
Description:
Secretariat reviews each eligible PIF. Other Agencies and Convention Secretariats submit any comments to the Secretariat and the Agency. If a PIF does not meet the conditions for approval, the Secretariat either rejects it or requests additional information
Actors involved:
GEF Secretariat
Description:
Following receipt of the Secretariat’s comments, the Agency responds to any comments and submits a revised PIF, if necessary
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Description:
Once the Secretariat determines that the project proposal meets the conditions for approval, the CEO decides whether to include it in a Work Program
Actors involved:
GEF CEO
GEF Secretariat STAP
Two-step approach: After PIF approval, and before the deadline for submission of a complete approval request, the Agency prepares and
One-step approach: A GEF Agency prepares a MSP Approval Request at the request of and in consultation with relevant country institutions and other relevant partners.
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Two-step approach: The Agency submits the MSP Approval Request to the Secretariat for review on a rolling basis. A letter of Endorsement by the respective GEF Operational Focal Point has to be attached.
One-step approach: The Agency submits MSP Approval Request to the Secretariat on a rolling basis. A letter of Endorsement by the respective GEF Operational Focal Point has to be attached.
Actors involved:
GEF Council
Two-step approach: The Secretariat reviews the MSP Approval Request for consistency with the approved PIF
One-step approach: The Secretariat reviews the MSP Approval Request. If a MSP Approval Request does not meet the conditions for approval, the Secretariat either rejects it or requests additional information.
Actors involved:
GEF Secretariat
Description:
Following receipt of the Secretariat’s comments, the Agency responds to any comments and submits a revised MSP Approval Request, if necessary
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Description:
Once the Secretariat determines that a project proposal meets the conditions for approval, the GEF CEO decides whether to approve the MSP.
Actors involved:
GEF CEO
Description:
The Agency approves the project following its own internal procedures and begins project implementation.
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Different portals provide a good overview on ongoing and past projects of the respective fund.
Projects: List of GEF, LDCF and SCCF projects
Focal Points | GEF : National Focal Points for GEF is also responsible for LDCF and SCCF.
The SCCF was established under the Convention in 2001 to finance activities, programs, and measures that help vulnerable developing countries (particularly the most vulnerable in Africa, Asia and the Small Island Developing States) to address the negative impacts of climate change. Since 2011, the SCCF has been tasked to provide resources to assist developing country Parties that are not least developed country Parties with their country-driven processes to advance NAPs
The SCCF supports in the following two priority areas:
Funding window A: Supporting the adaptation needs of Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
Funding window B: Strengthening technology transfer, innovation, and private sector engagement
Funding Sizes:
A longer-term and strategic arrangement of individual yet interlinked projects (child projects) that aim at achieving large-scale impacts on the global environment.
A project for the preparation of a plan, strategy, or report to fulfill commitments under a convention.
The SCCF was established under the Convention in 2001 to finance activities, programs, and measures that help vulnerable developing countries (particularly the most vulnerable in Africa, Asia and the Small Island Developing States) to address the negative impacts of climate change. Since 2011, the SCCF has been tasked to provide resources to assist developing country Parties that are not least developed country Parties with their country-driven processes to advance NAPs
The SCCF supports in the following two priority areas:
Funding window A: Supporting the adaptation needs of Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
Funding window B: Strengthening technology transfer, innovation, and private sector engagement
Funding Sizes:
A longer-term and strategic arrangement of individual yet interlinked projects (child projects) that aim at achieving large-scale impacts on the global environment.
A project for the preparation of a plan, strategy, or report to fulfill commitments under a convention.
The SCCF focuses its support in two priority areas:
1. Supporting the adaptation needs of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (Window A), including support in the following areas:
2. Strengthening technology transfer, innovation, and private sector engagement (Window B), focusing on:
The SCCF differentiates between two project sizes based on the contribution of the fund:
A country cap for the Funding Window A (Adaptation support for SIDS) is set at USD 3 million (under a USD 200 million funding scenario; increasing to USD 5 million under a USD 300 million scenario).
In addition, the SCCF provides funding through two other modalities:
Additional funding beyond country caps is available through SCCF programs, including:
Window A:
Window B:
Access to the SCCF is through one of the 18 GEF Agencies. The support for Enabling Activities (EA) is also possible through direct access, if the amount is up to USD 500,000.
1. Under the priority area “Supporting the adaptation needs of Small Island Developing States (SIDS)” (Window A), eligible countries are SIDS that are developing country Parties to the Convention (UNFCCC), particularly those that are not classified as LDCs.
Window A is therefore limited to non-LDC SIDS.
2. Support under the priority area “Strengthening Technology Transfer, Innovation and Private Sector Engagement” (Window B) is provided to all developing countries that are Parties to the Convention (UNFCCC).
Window B is open to all eligible developing countries.
The LDCF and SCCF provide additional support to prepare projects, strengthen capacity, and support countries in implementing adaptation priorities under the UNFCCC.
Eligibility:
Process for accessing GEF, LDCF, and SCCF funding: Projects are developed and submitted by accredited GEF Agencies in consultation with recipient countries, following a common GEF project cycle.
For medium-sized projects, the GEF Agency may choose between a one-step or two-step approval process, while full-sized projects (FSPs) follow a two-step process involving Council approval and CEO endorsement.
Description:
A GEF Agency prepares a project concept at the request of and in consultation with relevant country institutions and other relevant partners using the Project Identification Form (PIF)
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Description:
The Agency submits PIFs to the Secretariat on a rolling basis, copying other Agencies, STAP, and the relevant Convention Secretariats.
A letter of Endorsement by the respective GEF Operational Focal Point has to be attached.
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
GEF Operational Focal Point
Description:
Secretariat reviews each eligible PIF. Other Agencies and Convention Secretariats submit any comments to the Secretariat and the Agency. If a PIF does not meet the conditions for approval, the Secretariat either rejects it or requests additional information
Actors involved:
GEF Secretariat
Description:
Following receipt of the Secretariat’s comments, the Agency responds to any comments and submits a revised PIF, if necessary
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Description:
Once the Secretariat determines that the project proposal meets the conditions for approval, the CEO decides whether to include it in a Work Program
Actors involved:
GEF CEO
GEF Secretariat STAP
Two-step approach: After PIF approval, and before the deadline for submission of a complete approval request, the Agency prepares and
One-step approach: A GEF Agency prepares a MSP Approval Request at the request of and in consultation with relevant country institutions and other relevant partners.
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Two-step approach: The Agency submits the MSP Approval Request to the Secretariat for review on a rolling basis. A letter of Endorsement by the respective GEF Operational Focal Point has to be attached.
One-step approach: The Agency submits MSP Approval Request to the Secretariat on a rolling basis. A letter of Endorsement by the respective GEF Operational Focal Point has to be attached.
Actors involved:
GEF Council
Two-step approach: The Secretariat reviews the MSP Approval Request for consistency with the approved PIF
One-step approach: The Secretariat reviews the MSP Approval Request. If a MSP Approval Request does not meet the conditions for approval, the Secretariat either rejects it or requests additional information.
Actors involved:
GEF Secretariat
Description:
Following receipt of the Secretariat’s comments, the Agency responds to any comments and submits a revised MSP Approval Request, if necessary
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Description:
Once the Secretariat determines that a project proposal meets the conditions for approval, the GEF CEO decides whether to approve the MSP.
Actors involved:
GEF CEO
Description:
The Agency approves the project following its own internal procedures and begins project implementation.
Actors involved:
GEF Agency
Different portals provide a good overview on ongoing and past projects of the respective fund.
Projects: List of GEF, LDCF and SCCF projects
Focal Points | GEF : National Focal Points for the multilateral climate funds.
The Climate Investments Funds (CIF) were established in 2008 and comprise two funds: the Clean Technology Fund (CTF) and the Strategic Climate Fund (SCF). Through specific programmes, the funds support the design of multi-project investment plans that work across multiple interfacing sectors.
Programmes:
Programmes:
Dedicated Grant Mechanism Provides direct grant support to Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC), delivered through the FIP and NPC Programmes
The Climate Investments Funds (CIF) were established in 2008 and comprise two funds: the Clean Technology Fund (CTF) and the Strategic Climate Fund (SCF). Through specific programmes, the funds support the design of multi-project investment plans that work across multiple interfacing sectors.
Programmes:
Programmes:
Dedicated Grant Mechanism Provides direct grant support to Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC), delivered through the FIP and NPC Programmes
The Climate Investment Funds comprise two main funds: the Clean Technology Fund (CTF) and the Strategic Climate Fund (SCF).
The CTF finances low-carbon technologies in developing countries with significant potential to scale up, mobilise private investment, and support low-carbon development.
Key investment areas include:
The SCF provides financing to pilot and scale-up innovative approaches addressing specific climate change challenges or sectoral responses.
It aims to:
The funding amount available per country varies between the different programs.
Access to the CIFs and its various programmes is through six MDBs (ADB, AfDB, EBRD, IDB, IFC, and World Bank)
Eligibility to access funds depends on the specific programme and may vary.is determined through the CIF Country Selection Process.
Countries must generally:
Additional criteria may apply depending on the programme.
For the Dedicated Private Sector Program (DPSP):
N/A
Description:
The CIF Secretariat issues a call for Expression of Interest for a CIF program.
Interested countries and their MDB partners must check the eligibility criteria.
Actors involved:
CIF Secretariat
Description:
Eligible countries partner with MDBs prepares and submits their Expression of Interest to participate in a specific CIF program
Actors involved:
Country
MDB
Description:
An independent Expert Group evaluates all submissions against pre-defined criteria and make a recommendation on country selection
Actors involved:
Independent Expert Group
Description:
The CIF governing body makes the final decision
Actors involved:
CIF governing body
Description:
Selected countries with their MDB partners prepare an investment plan providing initial examples of projects
Actors involved:
Country
MDB
Description:
The CIF governing body reviews the Investment plan against the criteria of the CIF investment program and endorses it where appropriate
Actors involved:
CIF governing body
Different portals provide a good overview on ongoing and past projects of the respective fund.
Climate Fund Search – Climate Project Explorer: The Climate Projects Explorer is a search engine for projects funded by the AF, GCF, GEF and CIFs
Projects | CIF: List of CIF projects
The Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD) was established in 2022 under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement to provide financial support to developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. The Fund supports countries to respond to economic and non-economic losses and damages associated with extreme weather events and slow-onset climate impacts especially through country-led and country-owned approaches. Its initial operational phase is being implemented through the Barbados Implementation Modalities (BIM), which provide grant-based financing for eligible activities, projects, and programmes.
The Fund is governed by a 26-member Board and is hosted in the Philippines, with the World Bank serving as interim trustee and an independent Secretariat supporting its operations.
Priority recipients are developing countries particularly vulnerable to climate change, with ≥50% of BIM resources reserved for SIDS and LDCs.
Funding size
Eligible activities
Technical Assistance (Santiago Network): Provides technical expertise to help countries assess and respond to loss and damage.
Country Support System (under development): Will support countries in preparing funding requests and strengthening national capacities.
The Climate Investments Funds (CIF) were established in 2008 and comprise two funds: the Clean Technology Fund (CTF) and the Strategic Climate Fund (SCF). Through specific programmes, the funds support the design of multi-project investment plans that work across multiple interfacing sectors.
Programmes:
The Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD) was established in 2022 under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement to provide financial support to developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. The Fund supports countries to respond to economic and non-economic losses and damages associated with extreme weather events and slow-onset climate impacts especially through country-led and country-owned approaches. Its initial operational phase is being implemented through the Barbados Implementation Modalities (BIM), which provide grant-based financing for eligible activities, projects, and programmes.
The Fund is governed by a 26-member Board and is hosted in the Philippines, with the World Bank serving as interim trustee and an independent Secretariat supporting its operations.
Priority recipients are developing countries particularly vulnerable to climate change, with ≥50% of BIM resources reserved for SIDS and LDCs.
Programmes:
Dedicated Grant Mechanism Provides direct grant support to Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC), delivered through the FIP and NPC Programmes
The FRLD provides support to particularly vulnerable developing countries in addressing both economic and non-economic loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change. Its scope covers responses to extreme weather events and slow-onset processes, including climate-related emergencies, sea-level rise, displacement, relocation, migration, and climate-resilient recovery and reconstruction.
The Fund aims to address priority gaps in the existing climate finance landscape by providing complementary and additional support that improves the speed and adequacy of access to finance. Support may range from immediate post-disaster assistance and long-term recovery efforts to the development of national response plans, strengthening climate information and data systems, and promoting equitable, safe, and dignified human mobility.
Under the BIM, countries can submit funding requests of USD 5 million to USD 20 million per activity, project, or programme. BIM is the Fund’s start-up phase (2025–2026) and serves as the initial operational mechanism through which the FRLD is testing its funding procedures and making resources available to vulnerable developing countries.
Funding Amounts
The current operational start-up modality is the Barbados Implementation Modalities (BIM), with the duration of 15.12.2025 – 15.06.2026. The FRLD does not yet have multiple established financing windows.
Barbados Implementation Modalities (BIM)
Countries may access BIM funds through direct budget support to national governments or through eligible access entities accredited to the Adaptation Fund (AF), Green Climate Fund (GCF), or Global Environment Facility (GEF).
Eligible recipients are developing countries particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. Under BIM, at least 50% of resources are allocated to SIDS and LDCs.
Technical Assistance through the Santiago Network on Loss and Damage
The Santiago Network connects developing countries with organizations, experts, and technical service providers that can help assess, avert, minimize, and address loss and damage. Assistance is provided upon request and delivered through a network of technical organizations and experts. Support may include loss and damage assessments, risk analysis, data and information systems, policy and planning support, institutional strengthening, and technical studies.
Country Support System (under development)
The FRLD is developing a Country Support System to help eligible countries identify priorities, strengthen institutional capacities, develop national loss and damage strategies, and prepare funding requests to the Fund. Intended to support country readiness, planning, and preparation of funding requests.
Description:
Develop a funding request under the Barbados Implementation Modalities (BIM) that addresses country priorities for responding to climate-related loss and damage.
Requests may be submitted through:
Applicants prepare their submission using the official BIM Funding Request Template and supporting guidance.
Actors involved:
Country
Description:
The funding request must be endorsed by the authorized government representative designated by the recipient country, e.g., country focal point. The endorsement confirms country ownership and alignment with national priorities for responding to loss and damage.
Actors involved:
National Focal Point or national authority
Description:
Submit the completed funding request to the FRLD Secretariat during an active BIM call for funding requests .Funding requests must comply with BIM eligibility, funding, and documentation requirements.
Actors involved:
Country
Access entity, where applicable
FRLD Secretariat
Description:
The Secretariat assesses funding requests against the BIM eligibility criteria, funding criteria, and assessment methodology. Additional information or revisions may be requested.
Actors involved:
FRLD Secretariat
BIM Delivery Team
Description:
Eligible funding requests are considered according to the BIM assessment and approval process. Funding requests are considered for approval according to the Board-approved BIM governance and decision-making arrangements.
Actors involved:
FRLD Board
MDB
Description:
Following approval, legal and financial arrangements are finalized and funds are disbursed in accordance with the approved funding request and Fund requirements.
Actors involved:
Interim Trustee
Country or access entity
FRLD is currently in its start-up phase and has not yet approved a portfolio of projects or programmes. The first Call for Funding Requests under the Barbados Implementation Modalities (BIM) opened on 15 December 2025 and closes on 15 June 2026. Approved projects are expected to emerge following the first funding cycle.
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